Audiometric evaluation in different clinical presentations of otitis media

Abstract Objectives To assess the hearing thresholds in acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion and chronic otitis media (non-suppurative, non-cholesteatomatous suppurative and cholesteatomatous) and to compare the hearing outcomes with non-diseased ears (in bilateral cases) or contralateral healthy ears (in unilateral cases), since hearing loss is the most frequent sequel of otitis media and there is no previous study comparing the audiometric thresholds among the different forms of otitis media. Methods Cross sectional, controlled study. We performed conventional audiometry (500-8000 Hz) and tympanometry in patients with otitis media and healthy individuals (control group). Hearing loss was considered when the hearing thresholds were > 25 dBHL. Results Of the 112 patients diagnosed with otitis media (151 ears), 48 were men (42.86%) and 64 were women (57.14%). The average age was 42.72 years. Of those, 25 (22.32%) were diagnosed as AOM, 15 (13.39%) were diagnosed with OME and the remaining 72 (63.28%) were diagnosed with COM (non-suppurative COM, n = 31; suppurative COM, n = 18; cholesteatomatous COM, n = 23). As compared with controls, all forms of otitis media had significantly higher bone-conduction thresholds (500-4000 Hz). Conductive hearing loss was the most frequent type of hearing loss (58.94%). However, the number of patients with mixed hearing loss was also relevant (39.07%). We noted that the presence of sensorioneural component occurred more frequently in 1) Higher frequencies; and 2) In groups of otitis media that were more active or severe in the inflammatory/infective standpoint (AOM, suppurative COM and cholesteatomatous COM). Conclusion All types of otitis media, even those with infrequent episodes of inflammation and otorrhea, had worse bone conduction thresholds as compared with nondiseased ears (p < 0.01). We observed worse hearing outcomes in ears with recurrent episodes of otorrhea and in ears with AOM, especially in high frequencies.

Perfil da situação sistêmica do paciente pré-exodontia em postos de saúde de Curitiba / Systemic health profile of the patient before tooth extraction in primary care units in Curitiba

Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos na área da saúde resultaram em aumento na longevidade da populaçãoocasionando um incremento de pacientes com doenças crônicas no consultório odontológico.Doenças que mal eram contempladas na ficha clínica odontológica, hoje passam a representar importantepapel na tomada de decisões quanto ao diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento odontológico. Muitas dessasdoenças sistêmicas crônicas podem comprometer o sucesso do tratamento e devem ser descobertasdurante a anamnese. Objetivo: Traçar um perfil epidemiológico clínico quantitativo e qualitativo das doençassistêmicas em pacientes submetidos a exodontias. Material e Métodos: 722 pacientes que realizaramexodontias eletivas em unidades básicas de saúde no Distrito Sanitário do Portão em Curitiba foraminvestigados quanto ao estado de saúde sistêmico, por meio de questionário confirmado pela pesquisa emprontuários médicos e, se necessário, nova entrevista. Resultados: Na população de 722 pacientes observou-se que a idade média foi de 36 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino, etnia branca, estado civilcasado e com primeiro grau. Quanto às profissões, os trabalhadores de serviços diversos e do lar foram os predominantes. A maioria negou tabagismo ou etilismo. Por fim, 32,7 % dos pacientes que se submeterama exodontias apresentavam uma ou mais doenças sistêmicas crônicas, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmicaa mais comum, seguida por alergias, diabete melito e outras cardiopatias. Conclusão: Considerandoque, aproximadamente, um terço dos pacientes avaliados tinham alguma comorbidade, observou-se quea avaliação sistêmica pré-operatória não afasta a possibilidade da ocorrência de complicações, mas, semdúvida, atua preventivamente, principalmente no que se refere à possibilidade de emergências.

Introduction: The technological improvement of the health care has led to an increase of population longevity,causing a rise in the number of patients with chronic diseases in the dental clinics. Illnesses that were barely contemplatedon the dental records in the past are now fundamental to the decision making about diagnosis, prognosis andtreatment. Many of these chronic systemic diseases may compromise the dental treatment and must be identifiedduring the clinical interview. Objective: To make a quantitative and qualitative clinical epidemiological profile ofthe systemic diseases of patients submitted to teeth extraction. Materials and methods: 722 patients submittedto routine teeth extraction in primary care units at the Portão Sanitary District in Curitiba were interviewed abouttheir health situation and the data were confirmed through research in the medical files and a new interview whenneeded. Results: In the population of 722 patients it was found that the average age was 36 years, gender predominantlyfemale, white ethnicity, marital status married with elementary school level. As for occupations, serviceworkers and domestic workers were predominant. Most denied smoking or drinking. Finally, 32.7% of patients whounderwent dental extractions, had one or more chronic systemic diseases, hypertension being the most common, followed by allergies, diabetes and other heart diseases. Conclusion: Considering that approximately one-third of thepatients had some comorbidity, we found that preoperative systemic evaluation does not rule out the possibility ofthe occurrence of complications, but it certainly prevent them, mainly with regard to emergencies.

Características clínicas de 64 indivíduos portadores de uveítis posterior activa presumiblemente toxoplásmica en Pernambuco / Clinical characteristics of 64 individuals carrying active posterior presumptively toxoplasmic uveitis, in Pernambuco

OBJETIVO: Describir características clínicas de uveítis posterior activa, presumiblemente por Toxoplasma gondii (UPAPT) en portadores de lesión típica. Estudio tranversal. MÉTODOS: 64 portadores de UPAPT con retinocorroiditis cicatrizada y lesión satélite activa, mayores de 10 años, inmunocompetentes, examinados en Permambuco, Brazil. Se analizó: sexo, edad, color de la piel, procedencia, uveítis anteriores, agudeza visual, presión ocular y exámen ocular. RESULTADOS: Masculino en 52 por ciento. Edad media 29 años (±10,87). Piel blanca en 68,8 por ciento. Domicilio en la área metropolitana en 80,4 por ciento. Primer episodio de uveítis en 56,2 por ciento. Media de visión en ojo afectado 20/200. Presión ocular media 14,5 mmHg (±7,64) en ojo afectado. Conjuntiva hiperemiada en 29,7 por ciento. Alteraciones corneales en 51,6 por ciento. Células en el humor acuoso en 67,2 por ciento. Sinéquias posteriores en 6,2 por ciento. Compromiso vítreo en 100 por ciento. Vasculitis retiniana en 45,3 por ciento. Lesiones localizads en la zona I de Holland en 42,2 por ciento, siendo de tamaño igual o mayor de un diámetro de disco en 90,6 por ciento. Neuritis en 28,2 por ciento. CONCLUSIÓN: UPAPT afecta adultos jóvenes, siendo el síntoma principal la disminución de la visión. Presión ocular media normal. Compromiso vítreo en todos los casos. Com mayor frequencia las lesiones fueron mayores de un diámetro de disco localizadas en la zona I de Holland.

PURPOSE: To describe clinical characteristics of posterior active uveitis presumptively by Toxoplasma gondii (PAUPT) in patients with typical lesion. Tranversal study. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with retinochoroiditis scatter and active satellite lesions examined in Pernambuco, Brazil. All were older than 10 years and immunocompetent. Gender, age, skin color, and residence were recorded. Previous uveitis, visual accuracy, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular examination were analyzed. RESULTS: 52 percent were males, most of them with white skin (68.8 percent). Mean age 29 years (±10.87). Eighty-four percent of the patients lived in the metropolitan area. 56.2 percent were having the first episode of uveitis. In the damaged eye, visual accuracy mean was 20/200, IOP mean 14.5 mmHg (±64). Hyperemia of the conjunctiva was observed in 29.7 percent of the patients and alterations of the cornea in 51.6 percent. There were cells in the aqueous humor in 62.7 percent. 6.2 percent had posterior synechiae. All had vitreous damage and 45.3 percent retinal vasculitis. In 42.2 percent of the patients, lesions were located in zone I of Holland and 90.6 percent had the size of one discus diameter or greater. Neuritis was observed in 28.2 percent. Uveitis was more frequent in the right eye (54.7 percent). CONCLUSION: PAUPT affects young people and the main symptom was reduction of visual acuity. IOP mean was normal. Alterations of the vitreous were observed in all cases. Injuries were equal to one discus diameter or greater and located in zone I of Holland.

Lacrimal secretory IgA in active posterior uveitis induced by Toxoplasma gondii

It is quite difficult to diagnose active toxoplasmosis in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Active posterior uveitis presumably due to Toxoplasma gondii infection (APUPT) is seldom produced during a prime-infection; hence most patients do not show high IgM antibodies. High levels of IgA have been described in active toxoplasmosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible association between APUPT and the specific anti-parasite sIgA in tears. The study was carried out as case-control. Tears of 25 clinically confirmed APUPT patients and 50 healthy control subjects were analyzed. All were IgG seropositive. Specific sIgA was determined by ELISA assay using T. gondii RH strain crude extract. Anti-T. gondii sIgA was found in 84 percent of the cases and in 22 percent of the control subjects. The intensity of the reaction was higher in APUPT cases (P = 0.007). There was strong association between APUPT patients and lacrimal sIgA (odds-ratio 18.61, P = 0.0001). ELISA test sensitivity was 84 percent and specificity 78 percent . Our data suggest that anti-T.gondii secretory IgA found in tears may become an important marker for active ocular toxoplasmosis.

Prevalence of cagA and vacA genes in isolates from patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Geographical differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori genes and their association with disease severity have been identified. This study analyzes the prevalences of the cagA gene and alleles of the vacA gene in H. pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases in isolates from Recife, PE, Brazil. Gastric biopsy of 61 H. pylori-positive patients were submitted to DNA extraction and gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Among the 61 patients, 21 suffered from duodenal ulcer (DU) and 40 from gastritis (GT). The prevalence of H. pylori strains harbouring the cagA gene was higher in the DU group (90.5 percent) than in the GT group (60 percent) (p = 0.02). The vacA gene was amplified in 56 out of 61 biopsies, of which 43 (76.8 percent) contained bacteria carrying the s1 allele and 13 (23.2 percent) the s2. However, the prevalence of the vacA s1 genotying was the same in either DU or GT group. The majority of the s1-typed strains, 39 (90.7 percent) out of 43, were subtype s1b. In resume there was a strong association between the H. pylori cagA+ gene and DU. However, there were no differences between the DU and GT groups in relation to the vacA s1 and s2 alleles distribution, albeit the subtype s1b was predominat

Neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior bilateral com oclusão das artérias cilioretinianas secundária a linfoma sistêmico / Anterior bilateral ischemic optic neurophaty with occlusion of ciliorentinal artery secundary to lymphoma

Neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior (NOIA) com oclusão de artérias cilioretinianas secundária a linfoma é uma condição rara caracterizada por perda abrupta da visão, edema pálido da papila óptica e da retina na região papilomacular. Sua fiopatologia está associada principalmente a redução do fluxo sanguineo nas artérias ciliares posteriores curtas que irrigam a porção anterior do nervo óptico. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com infiltração linfomatosa do nervo óptico, bem como neuropatias tóxicas medicamentosas. Um caso de um portador de linfoma sistêmico há 2 anos com perda recente, súbita e total da visão de ambos os olhos é relatado, e ressaltado que a NOIA deve ser lembrada pelos clínicos diante de pacientes portadores de linfoma sistêmico. Oclusão bilateral da arteria cilioretiniana deve lembrar doença sistemica grave

Angiomatose retiniana: estudo anatomoclínico; apresentaçäo de um caso pós-tratamento / Retinal angiomatosis: anatomoclinical study; report of a case after treatment

Faz-se o relato de um caso de angiomatose retiniana ou doença de Von Hippel tratado pela crioterapia sem sucesso e estudam histologicamente o olho afetado sete anos e seis meses após o início do tratamento. Foram discutidos aspectos da histopatologia do tumor e de seu tratamento